General physical fitness of an athlete

The game of football is characterized by high motor activity of football players, which is manifested in various forms of movement (jumping, running, acceleration, jerks with a change in direction). On average, a football player runs from 8 to 12 km per match, and the volume of speed work is 1800-2200 m. The specifics of football are determined by actions with the ball, which include: kicks, dribbling, stopping, dribbling, throwing the ball in from behind the sideline and goalkeeper's playing technique. The actions of football players during the game are mainly dynamic in nature, where the intensity of the work performed constantly fluctuates from moderate to maximum. All this places very high demands on the physical fitness of football players. Activity during the game largely depends on the individual psychophysiological characteristics of each player, on the ability of football players to withstand high-intensity training and competitive loads. One of the main indicators characterizing intensity in football is the level of energy expenditure by a player during the game. Intensity is expressed either in calories or in the amount of oxygen consumed. Research by scientists and football experts has shown that football players work 60-80% of the time in the mode of 80-100% of the maximum oxygen consumption (VO2max) during the game. The average oxygen consumption of football players ranges from 3.3 to 4.5 l/min. Energy expenditure per match is 1500-2000 kcal. High energy expenditure leads to an increase in the work of the cardiovascular system of the football player by 8-12 times compared to its activity at rest. The heart rate (HR) of a football player during the game fluctuates from 130 to 200 beats/min, and in training sessions it can reach 220-230 beats/min. The pulse value of the game of football players is 14500-16000 heartbeats. At the same time, the boundaries of the power zones in which football players work are very wide. In addition, during the game, the work of the respiratory system of the blood circulation is significantly increased. During the match, other changes occur: football players lose an average of 2.5-3 kg of weight, there is a large loss of fluid from the body. Due to the high intensity, a football match causes significant changes in the body of football players, and the normalization of all functions in players is observed after 48-72 hours after the end of the game. General physical training is the development of qualities. To run fast, you need to be strong and fast, to run long - resilient, to run with a ball or back-coordinated, to be able to perform the correct technique - be flexible!